vant的picker选择器 Vant4 Picker 选择器

介绍

提供多个选项集合供用户选择，支持单列选择、多列选择和级联选择，通常与弹出层组件配合使用。

引入

通过以下方式来全局注册组件，更多注册方式请参考组件注册。

import { createApp } from "vue";
import { Picker } from "vant";

const app = createApp();
app.use(Picker);

代码演示

基础用法

选项配置

Picker 组件通过 ​columns​ 属性配置选项数据，​columns​ 是一个包含字符串或对象的数组。

顶部栏

顶部栏包含标题、确认按钮和取消按钮，点击确认按钮触发 ​confirm​ 事件，点击取消按钮触发 ​cancel​ 事件。

<van-picker
  title="标题"
  :columns="columns"
  @confirm="onConfirm"
  @cancel="onCancel"
  @change="onChange"
/>

import { showToast } from "vant";

export default {
  setup() {
    const columns = [
      { text: "杭州", value: "Hangzhou" },
      { text: "宁波", value: "Ningbo" },
      { text: "温州", value: "Wenzhou" },
      { text: "绍兴", value: "Shaoxing" },
      { text: "湖州", value: "Huzhou" },
    ];
    const onConfirm = ({ selectedValues }) => {
      showToast(`当前值: ${selectedValues.join(",")}`);
    };
    const onChange = ({ selectedValues }) => {
      showToast(`当前值: ${selectedValues.join(",")}`);
    };
    const onCancel = () => showToast("取消");

    return {
      columns,
      onChange,
      onCancel,
      onConfirm,
    };
  },
};

搭配弹出层使用

在实际场景中，Picker 通常作为用于辅助表单填写，可以搭配 Popup 和 Field 实现该效果。

<van-field
  v-model="value"
  is-link
  readonly
  label="城市"
  placeholder="选择城市"
  @click="showPicker = true"
/>
<van-popup v-model:show="showPicker" round position="bottom">
  <van-picker
    :columns="columns"
    @cancel="showPicker = false"
    @confirm="onConfirm"
  />
</van-popup>

import { ref } from "vue";

export default {
  setup() {
    const columns = [
      { text: "杭州", value: "Hangzhou" },
      { text: "宁波", value: "Ningbo" },
      { text: "温州", value: "Wenzhou" },
      { text: "绍兴", value: "Shaoxing" },
      { text: "湖州", value: "Huzhou" },
    ];
    const result = ref("");
    const showPicker = ref(false);

    const onConfirm = ({ selectedOptions }) => {
      showPicker.value = false;
      fieldValue.value = selectedOptions[0].text;
    };

    return {
      result,
      columns,
      onConfirm,
      showPicker,
    };
  },
};

双向绑定

通过 ​v-model​ 可以绑定当前选中项的 ​values​，修改 ​v-model​ 绑定的值时，Picker 的选中状态也会随之改变。

​v-model​ 的值是一个数组，数组的第一位对应第一列选中项的 ​value​，第二位对应第二列选中项的 ​value​，以此类推。

<van-picker v-model="selectedValues" title="标题" :columns="columns" />

import { showToast } from "vant";

export default {
  setup() {
    const columns = [
      { text: "杭州", value: "Hangzhou" },
      { text: "宁波", value: "Ningbo" },
      { text: "温州", value: "Wenzhou" },
      { text: "绍兴", value: "Shaoxing" },
      { text: "湖州", value: "Huzhou" },
    ];
    const selectedValues = ref(["Wenzhou"]);

    return {
      columns,
      selectedValues,
    };
  },
};

多列选择

​columns​ 属性可以通过二维数组的形式配置多列选择。

<van-picker title="标题" :columns="columns" />

export default {
  setup() {
    const columns = [
      // 第一列
      [
        { text: "周一", value: "Monday" },
        { text: "周二", value: "Tuesday" },
        { text: "周三", value: "Wednesday" },
        { text: "周四", value: "Thursday" },
        { text: "周五", value: "Friday" },
      ],
      // 第二列
      [
        { text: "上午", value: "Morning" },
        { text: "下午", value: "Afternoon" },
        { text: "晚上", value: "Evening" },
      ],
    ];

    return { columns };
  },
};

级联选择

使用 ​columns​ 的 ​children​ 字段可以实现选项级联的效果。如果级联层级较多，推荐使用 Cascader 级联选项组件。

<van-picker title="标题" :columns="columns" />

export default {
  setup() {
    const columns = [
      {
        text: "浙江",
        value: "Zhejiang",
        children: [
          {
            text: "杭州",
            value: "Hangzhou",
            children: [
              { text: "西湖区", value: "Xihu" },
              { text: "余杭区", value: "Yuhang" },
            ],
          },
          {
            text: "温州",
            value: "Wenzhou",
            children: [
              { text: "鹿城区", value: "Lucheng" },
              { text: "瓯海区", value: "Ouhai" },
            ],
          },
        ],
      },
      {
        text: "福建",
        value: "Fujian",
        children: [
          {
            text: "福州",
            value: "Fuzhou",
            children: [
              { text: "鼓楼区", value: "Gulou" },
              { text: "台江区", value: "Taijiang" },
            ],
          },
          {
            text: "厦门",
            value: "Xiamen",
            children: [
              { text: "思明区", value: "Siming" },
              { text: "海沧区", value: "Haicang" },
            ],
          },
        ],
      },
    ];

    return { columns };
  },
};

级联选择的数据嵌套深度需要保持一致，如果部分选项没有子选项，可以使用空字符串进行占位。

禁用选项

选项可以为对象结构，通过设置 ​disabled​ 来禁用该选项。

<van-picker :columns="columns" />

export default {
  setup() {
    const columns = [
      { text: "杭州", value: "Hangzhou", disabled: true },
      { text: "宁波", value: "Ningbo" },
      { text: "温州", value: "Wenzhou" },
    ];
    return { columns };
  },
};

加载状态

若选择器数据是异步获取的，可以通过 ​loading​ 属性显示加载提示。

<van-picker :columns="columns" :loading="loading" />

import { ref } from "vue";

export default {
  setup() {
    const columns = ref([]);
    const loading = ref(true);

    setTimeout(() => {
      columns.value = [{ text: "选项", value: "option" }];
      loading.value = false;
    }, 1000);

    return { columns, loading };
  },
};

自定义 Columns 的结构

<van-picker
  :title="标题"
  :columns="columns"
  :columns-field-names="customFieldName"
/>

export default {
  setup() {
    const columns = [
      {
        cityName: "浙江",
        cities: [
          {
            cityName: "杭州",
            cities: [{ cityName: "西湖区" }, { cityName: "余杭区" }],
          },
          {
            cityName: "温州",
            cities: [{ cityName: "鹿城区" }, { cityName: "瓯海区" }],
          },
        ],
      },
      {
        cityName: "福建",
        cities: [
          {
            cityName: "福州",
            cities: [{ cityName: "鼓楼区" }, { cityName: "台江区" }],
          },
          {
            cityName: "厦门",
            cities: [{ cityName: "思明区" }, { cityName: "海沧区" }],
          },
        ],
      },
    ];

    const customFieldName = {
      text: "cityName",
      value: "cityName",
      children: "cities",
    };

    return {
      columns,
      customFieldName,
    };
  },
};

API

Props

Events

Slots

PickerOption 数据结构

方法

通过 ref 可以获取到 Picker 实例并调用实例方法，详见组件实例方法。

类型定义

组件导出以下类型定义：

import type {
  PickerProps,
  PickerColumn,
  PickerOption,
  PickerInstance,
  PickerFieldNames,
  PickerToolbarPosition,
  PickerCancelEventParams,
  PickerChangeEventParams,
  PickerConfirmEventParams,
} from "vant";

​PickerInstance​ 是组件实例的类型，用法如下：

import { ref } from "vue";
import type { PickerInstance } from "vant";

const pickerRef = ref<PickerInstance>();

pickerRef.value?.confirm();

主题定制

样式变量

组件提供了下列 CSS 变量，可用于自定义样式，使用方法请参考 ConfigProvider 组件。

常见问题

在桌面端无法操作组件？

参见桌面端适配。